Food and stress: Balance required

Called "second brain" of science, the belly is the guarantor of our physio-psycho-emotional balance. If it is well proven that stress exacerbates digestive diseases, it remains to consider the converse is true: our gut influences our emotions. And yes, stress management also goes through the stomach!

Little attention in stress prevention consultation, the link between emotional disorder and food is not done spontaneously; to listen to his intestines and hang care seems less obvious. Therefore, as Sophrologue, I sometimes towards a naturopath specialized in nutrition when necessary: ​​to have good management of stress and emotions, it is also to provide an opportunity live healthier diet!

To understand…

 
Stress generates a modification of the intestinal microbiota (bacterial flora) resulting in both physiological and psychological dysfunctions; also reconsider their diet in times of stress helps support this ecosystem. Conversely, a chronic impairment of digestion cause the symptoms of stress, anxiety or depression: full circle!

Healthy intestinal system = Increased resistance to stress

 
Our stress resilience depends on the balance of our various systems (neurological, endocrine, etc.); these draw their resources in our diet, and placing it at the heart of our health. Since the discovery of the "gut-brain axis" - gut and brain communicate with the vagus nerve - we know that the proper functioning of our emotional structures resulting from the integrity of the enteric nervous system, or "second brain" - in other words, our dear guts! Due respect to the lobbies of junk food, it's a reality that we will have to cope if one aspires to wellness.

Studies like you in here in

 
Should we treat mental illness by the belly? This is the question that arises a new discipline: neuro-gastroenterology. For Dr. Natasha Campbell, neurologist and nutritionist, the intestine is the central organ of our body; it demonstrated that a gluten-free diet favors the reduction of disorders of depression, schizophrenia, and many psychiatric diseases. According Tasnine Akbaraly, researcher at INSERM, refined and processed industrial products increase the risk of depression by 58%. Let us remember that serotonin - a neurotransmitter that participates in the management of our emotions - is produced by 95% ... our gut! Beyond the multitude of bacteria it harbors, it contains not less than two hundred million neurons.

Diet "adapted", optimized stress management!

 
Every individual has different needs in connection with a separate intestinal flora whose quality depends on several parameters (mode of delivery, breast feeding, genetics, etc.). In response, Dr. Patrick Holford - Nutritionist and founder of the Institute of Nutritherapy London - calls out the "myth" of the diet "balanced" to adopt a diet "adapted" to its metabolic profile; in order to increase our resistance to disease and stress: 80% of our immune system is in the gut wall!

Magali Pettier Wagnières, naturopath - specializing in nutrition - Lyon:
"It is not enough to ingest the" good "foods in a meal as" balanced "may be, must still have a digestive system that can digest: acid reflux, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, etc. show a poor assimilation of food and thus to question. Depression, chronic stress, allergies and other intolerances are often a sign of a degraded flora; natural solutions to sustain and restore exist. Rest assured, however, the body will adapt long as it has intrinsically the faculty, and therein lies the problem: the effects of a poor diet are not immediate. "

And the fun in that?

The pleasure that is educated, it is created, it is decided! Once unaccustomed refined sugar and other troublemakers, cheeks and palate are refined; tastes evolve. Change their diet allows you to discover new flavors hitherto ignored. The most important is its ability to activate curiosity and make sense of these changes. Expand its fields of consciousness, self-empowerment deal with health, awaken the senses (smell, taste), eating and digesting "mindfulness," is a good basis for stress management work.

10 Tips for choosing a suitable YOGA

Yoga, a gentle practice that often interested pregnant women in search of a sport suited to their situation. However, one does not choose its course lightly! Some tips to choose well.

I. Preferably choose a yoga teacher graduate, trained in a school meets the European minimum program, and specializes in working with pregnant women.

II. Choose a course reserved for pregnant women, where you will receive small group individualized instruction tailored to your pace and needs.
III. Your first course should contain only simple exercises and relaxation to give your teacher the time to know you and to provide teaching based on you.

IV. In early pregnancy, your first month of practice should allow you to gain confidence in you, you settle smoothly into your maternity, without targeting technically on childbirth itself.

V. You will not make conventional abdominal and extensively. This is relatively useless and often can cause long-term, premature contractions, sciatica or sciatica, lower back pain or headaches, according to your constitution. The increased hormone imbibing, from the eighth month of pregnancy, you will facilitate musculoskeletal intense efforts, especially those aimed at the opening of the basin.

VI. You must come out of your relaxed and délassée course, no extra contractions, and this, from the first course.

VII. Your teacher must exercise psychology and delicacy, respect your own pace, while

VIII. You can expect a yoga teacher that he answer your questions without making value judgments.

IX. Unless complications that belongs to your obstetrician or midwife to determine, you can track your yoga class from beginning to end of your pregnancy, especially as your consistency will guarantee greater efficiency. The pace is usually recommended minimum of one class per week, and two courses in the month before the birth. In these courses, it is desirable to benefit from an approach to the father of the child to be prepared too, to help you his best during childbirth.

X. In any case the practice of yoga is not a substitute for medical monitoring or exempt you meet with your midwife and your obstetrician during your pregnancy.

Discreet charm of bowel

Shocking? And yet, we are what we eat. And sometimes twice a day: we eat both for us and feed to feed the bacteria that nice fit in the nooks and crannies of our colon.

Uh ... bacteria?

And yes, our wonderful colon is the organ of our body more hospitable. Moreover, it is the "great" of our bodies. Imagine the intestinal wall unfolded: an area of ​​around 7 km, dotted with folds and villi, as a very hilly landscape. A paradise for bacteria, microscopic organisms that come here to stay and continue their descent.

Ah okay ... But you added "nice" anyway? (Rest assured me).

 
Our colon is like a territory. There is a population bacteria. And there are good and evil. And it is always a little war between them to see who are the most numerous and strongest.

I prefer the nice, bacteria. But what use to feed them? (Should not push either).

It is precisely by feeding them that allows them to flourish, to settle and to support their children happy. And they flourish, they leave less room for nasty bacteria.

And specifically, it brings me how to take care of them?

More and more recent studies examine the role of bacteria on our health. Some are really great ugly: salmonella, helicobacter, toxoplasma, pinworms ... so many parasites that it is not recommended to invite under our roof. They are the cause of many diseases, allergies and degeneration. Others play a protective role. The research are just beginning on the action and the role of these organizations. We all know some under the name of "probiotics", but again a tiny minority has been explored to date. What we do know is that they can positively affect our physical, mental and emotional health. The challenge therefore is more protective identify and find solutions to accommodate at best.

It's super exciting stuff. So I can do what?

Read the book of Giulia Enders "The Discreet Charm of the gut!" This German PhD student 25 years ago is a passionate stories of the intestine. And it comes beautifully to make it sexy, exciting and "moreish" in these pages. If you want to know about our second brain (I mean our colon there) and its microbiota, if you want to have nutritional advice and lifestyle to do him good, then this book is for you. It is surprisingly affordable, very funny, with drawings made by her sister.

Memories of birth, the imprint basic

Birth trauma that leaves traces in the psyche of the little being who is born?

Psychotherapist and EMDR practitioner, Sylvie Prager-Séchaud psychotraumatology is passionate and emotional therapy. His approach is rooted in the body, here and now.

During his meetings with patients beset by fears, phobias and physical pain unexplained, it is concluded that all these symptoms are reminiscent of our first journey on earth, birth.
Birth, this prerequisite, is experienced by this sensitive what the fetus as a real trauma, severe stress. What can he say when he is about to leave? "It's dark, I'm afraid," "will I get out? "" I hurt, "" I'm going to die, "" I can not do "," no one is there to help me, "" nobody loves me ". So many negative thoughts, forgotten but internalized, which will resurface in the future life of the little man, when external circumstances in will echo.

Through the story of several patients who have relived their birth, this book allows us to highlight the origins of our blocks, our fears and our limiting thoughts. As long as we agree to (re) through our birth, accompanied by a therapist, we are more equipped to deal with the passages and sometimes disruptive life changes. We also understand that these traumatic episodes, as painful and repetitive as they are, should not be subject to guilt or judgment. They are the result of an intense original stress, and should be treated as such.

This book is also a valuable tool for parents to accompany their baby in his birth, and provide the means to welcome with love and joy.

An educational and entertaining book, fully referenced and enjoyable to read. Recommended for expectant parents and those who are curious and willing to return to their origins to free himself.

Noise Pollution: Impact of life longevity

The noise that shortens life, insecticides and air pollution that increase the risk of leukemia in children and the opening of the Rugby World Cup, that's what we should not miss this week in 'environmental health news.

Silence, we want to live long!

If he has the gift to annoy or upset, the noise would also have impacts on our health. Regional Health Observatory (ORS) and Bruitparif come to the show in the 12 million inhabitants of Ile de France. Each of them would lose more than 7 months of life expectancy, just because of the noise! Worse, those who live next to Paris-Charles de Gaulle airport would lose up to 18 months of life in good health. This is explained by the fact that noise can cause stress, sleep disorders, but also the onset of cardiovascular disease. The guilty ? The road, rail and air.

Leukemia: air pollution and insecticides, the culprits of the week
This week, the link between leukemia and the environment was further strengthened a little. First with the air pollution. Inserm researchers have shown that the frequency of new cases of myeloid type of leukemia is higher than 30% among children living within 150 m from main roads and when the total length of road sections in this radius is greater than 260 m.

Then with insecticides. By compiling data from 16 studies, US researchers have found that children's exposure to indoor insecticide (lice or mosquito) increases the risk of leukemia and lymphoma 47% to 43%. So a tip: use mosquito organic and natural alternatives to anti-lice.

More: Risk of leukemia in children
More: insecticides at home, poison for children

Rugby, and if we did a test?

Last Friday opened the Rugby World Cup! Two thirds of the French are going to follow ... from their sofa! That's good, but exercise a sport is better! To tempt their patients to put it (the sport, not necessarily rugby), Rugby doctors at the Environmental Health Association France took advantage of this opportunity to release a Special Edition of the World Cup of their "short guide health Sportif ". Because one does anything you learn: the sport is good for health! It de-stresses, helps to keep the line and protects against many diseases. In this guide you will find all the reasons to get started, and warnings against the products they sell us to boost our performance.

Education Exercises and Rehabilitation

Too often forgotten, perineum is indispensable to our daily comfort. Tips rehabilitate, through various rehabilitation techniques (or education) perineal to ensure proper maintenance.

Today, nearly one in two women is not aware of her perineum and has trouble locating it. As for women to contract properly ...

The techniques described below will enable women to become aware and to reclaim their bodies, limit or prevent urinary leakage, and increase sexual pleasure and that of their partners by promoting the pelvic muscle tone.

Kegel exercises

Most known even if you do you're never interested in your perineum. The proof even Samantha Jones tells us about the series Sex And The City!
How to do ? It shows a band stretching from your urinary opening to your anus and a point in the middle. Then trying to "raise" the point in her pelvis, as if an invisible cord connected this to your navel. We held this position for 10 seconds, 10 times in a row.

Advantages ? In addition to free, there are many opportunities to implement them in a day: when seeking LA pair of shoes on the internet, watching a movie, incognito mode for a grim meeting or during the subway ride ...

For pregnant women, practice these exercises regularly from your 4th month soften your perineum and limit the risks of an episiotomy, more profits on controlling your urinary sphincter and resume your sex life.

The geisha balls, cones ...

Geisha balls, or smartballs, are more than sex toys: they allow muscles vaginal wall and perineum. Geisha balls can be used in addition to postpartum perineal but only after the perineum has regained some tone, otherwise they may not stay retained in the vagina, because of their relatively large weight. There are different possible diameters and weight: the choice of the diameter depends on the size of your vagina. As for weight, the more it will be heavy and will require good perineal tone. Young women who have never had children choose small diameter smartballs (less than 3 cm).

The insertion of Geisha balls can be facilitated by the use of a lubricant, not to allow the cord to the outside of the vagina. We try to bring the Geisha balls up to 30 minutes a day if it's running Kegel exercises, and several hours if one simply makes everyday tasks.

The use of cones is very effective in the perineal: few minutes a day will help you quickly regain energy in a few weeks, and limit stress incontinence. Vaginal cones are usually delivered by pack including different sizes and weights. After inserting a cone in your vagina, you practice a series of exercises in observing the rod protruding to control the contractions or not working the right muscles. We start with the widest and lightest cone (for the most dilated vaginas), to use the most narrow cone and heaviest (for vaginas "tonic").

Manual re-education and re-education through vaginal probe

They practice with midwives or physiotherapists from two months postpartum. On prescription, these sessions (about ten) are recoverable by your social security fund.

Manual therapy: we practice a vaginal who will guide the patient so that she understands how muscle work and contracting. The maieuticians trained in the technique of CMP® (Knowledge and Control of the perineum) offer women images. Visualization and helps the young mother to be aware of each area of ​​the perineum.

Reeducation through vaginal probe: there are two types. Rehabilitation Biofeedback involves introducing a probe into the vagina of the patient and ask him to gradually contract her perineum. The tonicity of the vagina is evaluated in real time by a monitor. Rehabilitation by electro-stimulation also requires the insertion of a vaginal probe. Then, the therapist setting the machine on the duration and intensity of the contraction by stimulation of the muscles. Basically, you see the weight by electrical patches presented in TV buying. This is the same principle in your vagina.

Looking back at several women, these two practices manual therapy is the most acclaimed, is considered more efficient and regretting the "passivity" of the electro stimulating probe method.

For people with fecal incontinence, know that rehabilitation through biofeedback can you be proposed by a physiotherapist.

You can buy Biofeedback or electrostimulation to practice at home. On some sites, it is even possible to get a care sheet for a partial refund from your health insurance fund.
But I do not recommend stimulators connected to your smartphone: we now know the dangers of pulsed electromagnetic fields, it even creates underpants "anti-waves" to protect sperm. So an "antenna" is avoided to place near her ovaries ...

Gynecological laser

There is now a novelty in the field of pelvic floor rehabilitation: medical laser. This treatment is indicated in patients with moderate urinary incontinence. The YAG laser tip is coated with a kind of speculum. By inserting it in the vagina, the probe will cause stimulation photothermal the production of collagen and tightening the tissue of the vaginal mucosa, guaranteeing a better support of the bladder and a return to normal of the urinary continence.
This technique is noninvasive and painless, that is to say that by not practicing incision, no bleeding or sutures or need for antibiotics or painkillers .

We recommend two sessions before an update as this can sometimes suffice. There are no special precautions to respect, as may be the case for surgery. As long as your doctor working at the time on your lunch break, you can even resume after your activities.

In addition, lasers may now be provided in case of vaginal atrophy or shrinkage of the vaginal duct as an alternative to vaginoplastie.

Warning: it insists that the laser is an instrument solely dedicated to healthcare professionals. Only a medical doctor can practice this kind of intervention.

Vaginoplasty

I will mention this surgical technique only for those who would ask questions on seeing this term online. Vaginoplasty is not a method of pelvic floor rehabilitation. The technique of tightening only aims to narrow the diameter of the vagina leads to aesthetic or sensory purposes (vaginal patency suffering patient can no longer feel the sex of her partner). However, this will not affect the perineal tone, maintaining pelvic floor, urinary or anal incontinence ...

Prevention is better than cure, so start practicing your perineum as soon as possible, even as a teenager. But do not go to the opposite extreme, the risk of causing a depletion of the perineal muscles, or even hypertonia.

Optimize Sleep The Whole Family

We are all one time or another faced with problems of sleep, either difficulty falling asleep, nighttime awakenings or insomnia. These disorders can occur at every age, take different forms, and subsequently cause various disturbances in the waking life.

However, since the possibility of disease is ruled out, it is entirely possible to remedy it by a simple adjustment of lifestyle.

Sleep occupies a third of our lives. At 60, we have stayed 20 years ...

 

 

The importance of sleep is proven. Its quality is essential to homeostasis, that is to say to our physical and psycho-emotional balance. Depression can sometimes be due to a lack of sleep, and disappear by regulating it.

In children, a good sleep is essential. In the first year of life, it allows among others the consolidation of memories. The learning and memory mechanisms are quickly disturbed in the small: a bad night enough to negatively influence the process the next day.

Each individual is different, whether by age, heredity, origins, life habits, where they live etc ... The time required for a good recovery will therefore also be different for everyone. However, we know that sleep consists of different cycles, lasting 1:30. Some people will be fit and have sufficiently recovered with 3 hours of sleep, others will need 12 ... should listen to his own needs and respect.

But when sleep disorders, especially sleep onset, appear, observing cycles may be useful. If you feel the first signs of fatigue in 22h is an undergraduate beginning. If you do not listen to your needs by going to bed at that time you have to wait again 1:30, that is to say 23:30, before another cycle begins again ... Watch out, then, and gradually try you go to bed 20 minutes before the start of a new cycle for the train from leaving ...

A hormone helps regulate our chronobiological rhythms and our sleep: melatonin. This is driven in particular by total darkness. For a deep and restful sleep, so you sleep without any light, whether a nightlight, alarm clock or a supported phone. The little afraid of the dark, can sleep with a night light, but it would be wise to turn off then, and to wean them gradually.

These chronobiological rhythms can be disrupted by the seasons, especially when the days get shorter. Then it is even more important to go out and be exposed to the light of day at least 20 minutes daily. Similarly, regular physical activity helps regulate our cycles by balancing activity and body rest.

Melatonin is also found in some foods: tomatoes, nuts, grains (rice, barley), strawberry, olive oil ...

This hormone is synthesized from serotonin, which is itself derived from tryptophan (an essential amino acid). We find it in certain foods: banana, cashews, fish, poultry, pumpkin seeds, almonds, peanuts, yeast, eggs, dates, lettuce, walnuts ...

But tryptophan must be associated with vitamin B6 and magnesium to be well assimilated: fish, seafood, almonds, walnuts, dark chocolate (to avoid the evening as energizing).

Concerning food, you understand the importance of varied to obtain all the nutrients our bodies need to function properly. But in the case of sleep, some are particularly useful because they affect the balance of our nervous system. Besides those we have mentioned above, these are the essential fatty acids (fatty fish, canola oil, flaxseed, walnuts, camel ...) that allow the maintenance of nerve cell membranes, and natural sugars (in index low glycemic, not refined so fast), it will take priority. These cells consume glucose in 30% of more than the other cells of the body. Carbs glycemic index low to allow slightly up insulin levels, and without insulin, serotonin can not be synthesized.

If certain foods are preferred, others are to be avoided at night: red meat in particular because it contains tyrosine (an amino acid that limit the intake of tryptophan and acts as a stimulant). Animal proteins increase alertness.
Similarly, a rise in body temperature and slower digestion, disturb sleep. It is best to avoid the evening: spicy dishes, rich in saturated fatty acids or trans (cheese, meats, pastries, sauces, fries ...) and dinner 2 hours before bedtime.

Because they increase body temperature, baths or hot showers, and physical activity may delay sleep. So be sure not to over stir a child just before bedtime.

Obviously stimulants do not work for a restful sleep: coffee and tea (not after 17h), alcohol (over a glass of wine, alcohol increases the number of micro-awakenings). Caffeine in turn, boosts the production of dopamine and norepinephrine that make us more dynamic.

When nighttime awakenings between 1am and 3am become recurring, small hepatic weakness might be involved. A bulb of black radish in bed for twenty days may help.

Blue light mobile phones, tablets and computers keeps us awake. It is therefore recommended to cease all activity on screen 1 hour before bedtime, and engage instead in a relaxing activity such as reading or music. All waves, wifi, disrupt our sleep. Remember to put your phone in airplane mode and avoid the wifi in the room. This is particularly harmful to the development of children and teenagers ...

The ideal room temperature should be around 19 ° C. Air your bedroom and those of your children the day to renew the ambient air and ensure proper humidity level.

If you still get problems falling asleep, make sure the quality of your bedding, and check perhaps the positioning of your bed It is a priori rather sleep head north.

Breast Cancer: 3 Years Later

I feel to tell you about a movie based on the actual doing, where we skip a few years to get faster to the outcome of the story, happy ending or not.

I may surprise you what I'll tell you. Not only my life three years after the announcement of the cancer can not be untied, but also I do not really feel happy. It is politically incorrect to admit that despite my remission, a life surrounded by loving people, and a published book and praised rather well, I'm not satisfied. How ungrateful you can tell me and you are partly right.

My path, widely described, gives pride to the feeling of acceptance I found the announcement of the cancer. A liberating feeling that me through the best if not the most beautiful way the disease. A feeling that does not presage what I was going to live in recent weeks.

 

Now in remission, a sense of frustration earns me a little more each day. More than frustration is anger. I do realize that something is wrong, I bubbly from the inside, I have more and more difficult to communicate and convey my ideas. I am angry, and every morning for months now, tirelessly, I wake up with the feeling that something has to change. This anger has something to say. This is not a simple outburst. It's an emotion that lasts, itches, tickles me even in my dreams get weird ... My unconscious drumming tirelessly on the door to deliver a message. But which one?

We were raised with the idea that anger is not good adviser. Then over to my personal development, my readings and spiritual discovery, I learned, or at least interpreted, that anger is the prerogative of the weak, of those who can not stay 'zen', who do not know able to speak with, nor wisdom. So, in my anger, I add the layer of guilt. So if you follow me, I leave frustrated that generates anger and I do nothing better than to feel stupid and deplorable by the finding. A table bleak and rather obscure.

My desires are disorders!
During my recent interviews, I often had to answer the question "What cancer has changed for you? "Or" Why is this the secret of your current happiness and serenity? ". Nothing is white, nothing is black, everything is shades of gray.

Yes, that cancer, or rather the spiritual journey in which he rushed, has changed my life, at least the vision that I had. Yes, that perspective the events and reposition priorities.

The zen is not granted, provided it is regularly questioned. We mistakenly think that because we almost died, fought a serious illness, everything is pink and light.

In the pages of FemininBio was more used to read testimonials from people fulfilled, happy, and income spiritual successes and instances of wisdom to follow. And I come with my feelings "negative" somewhat destructive, explain that no, I'm not well. It's not easy to admit that I failed. However, if you allow me, I would qualify this notion of failure ...

And if my anger was that "messy" but nonetheless profound of my desires? After the finding, self flagellation, the umpteenth fight with myself and passion with others I began to understand the message ...

Yes I am angry against a sick society that does not call into question or is not enough for my taste. I am angry and frustrated to see the extent of damage around me and the work required especially when the inertia wins individuals. I am irritated and exasperated by these people close enough to hear me say that they are not responsible and that the issue goes beyond ... while continuing to live, consume and destroy as if nothing had happened. I feel powerless when I can not convince them, and guilty for not going any further on this path.

This was during a recent dinner in town that I began to realize what really animated me. We were at table, the conversation gently slid to the refugee situation. I gave my opinion, as what everything is connected, that we are responsible for the misery of the world, that we can not accommodate all they said. We had dessert and half the guests stood up and headed for the living room, perhaps because it does not agree or do not wish to discuss the subject. And I confess, I tend to talk a lot of passion or take a little. I am anything but 'smooth'

I continued to converse with the other half of the guests and said "Sonia you have a mission. You are inhabited by what you say, and you're convinced you can have arguments to sensitize the world around you. "

And this morning between two parties (NDRL Sonia 28 December 2015), I realize that this anger of energy can be a tremendous source of transformation, such as winds and marshes once contained.

It is said that mourning, anger comes right after the reduction. A necessary phase in the assimilation of the loss to move to a better. And if I were a molting? An interval of profound changes in line with that required for our societies. This involves accepting the imperfection of our lifestyles and the values ​​on which they are built. To accept that we are not all at the same level of awareness and openness to small metamorphoses every day. The streams are rivers, and we are both the drop and the ocean.

Nothing you write it relieves me and channeled my anger, that seems simple and obvious at the time when I share it with you. My mission is to take up the pen, to tell how in a few years I got to all organic, almost all ecological when I live in urban areas. How I changed my mode of consumption and that I am stingy labels. How will my budget, not expandable like yours and most of us moved to a new key. How recent priorities have emerged slowly but surely to me. The year 2016 will be that of "Change My 21" I will try to share with you, taking you by the hand a little if you do not mind, step by step for a better elsewhere and equitable for all.

What Plants for Detox Successful?

Plants have multiple benefits, including that help you succeed in your detox Spring! Discover which plants take as needed.

Birch for a double action draining and purifying. Rich in flavonoids, birch leaves are known to favor the elimination of water, promote the general welfare and restore radiance to the complexion.

The boost Fleurance Nature: take 3 times 10 ml (30 ml) of dilute organic birch juice in a large glass of water during the day for 6 days. To renew for 3 weeks and / or each change of season.birch juice bio solidarity Fleurance Nature, dietary supplement. For 6 days.

Aloe vera for digestion. Besides being an undemanding plant, easy-care, aloe vera is known to support the intestines and digestion. The pulp extracted from the leaves produces a juice recognized for its detoxifying and purifying properties.

The boost Fleurance Nature: take 4-8 teaspoons (20 to 40 ml) of aloe vera juice as needed, preferably in the morning before breakfast, diluted in a glass of water or a fruit juice to taste.Aloe vera juice Organic Fleurance Nature detoxifying virtues dietary supplement. For 5 to 10 days.

Burdock for beautiful skin. Burdock is frequently used to aid digestion and to increase renal water removal (to 200mg / day). Also known for its purifying and sebum-regulating properties, burdock root is recommended for oily skin prone to acne. Indeed, it moisturizes dry areas and purifies oily areas. Associated with wild thought and nettle, it is the best place to maintain a healthy and clear skin.

The boost Fleurance Nature: Take 1 tablet daily Burdock - wild pansy - nettleBurdock - wild pansy - nettle Fleurance Nature, food supplement for 30 days.

Dandelion for better elimination. The fresh leaves of dandelion, traditionally eaten in salads or infusion, are known for their detoxifying and digestive action. Dandelion is particularly known to stimulate digestion and contribute to the proper functioning of the intestinal tract.The boost Fleurance Nature: Take 4 teaspoons (20 ml) Concentrate detox bio preferably morning at breakfast, diluted in a glass of water or fruit juice to taste.Detox concentrated bio-based dandelion, black radish, burdock, linden sapwood, wild pansy to purify and detoxify the body, dietary supplement for 10 days.

The black radish in case of excess. Winter vegetable with spicy characteristic flavor, radish black, associated desmodium, is used to detoxify the body and support the liver in case of excess.

The boost Fleurance Nature: Take 1 tablet of black radish - Desmodium bio with a large glass of water before each of three main meals.Black radish - Desmodium Organic Food supplement for 20 days

How to prepare your skin in the sun before the summer?

Summer is fast approaching and you hope you can take a few colors. But how to best prepare your skin before exposure to the sun?
Pure Magazine gives you some practical and useful tips to help you have beautiful skin tan this summer.

Exfoliate to prepare your skin! 

On the face and body, once a week or once every 15 days, a month before the exhibition.
Nothing like that before summer to illuminate complexion and body by removing dead cells and stimulating cell renewal. Your skin will be even more sublimated and your tan too.
Note, however, that the scrub does not help more tan tan but more nicely.
Caution: Do not overdo it too much of scrubs especially if you have dry skin, your protective film weathering, you would tend to dry out your skin!

Moisturize your skin!

A daily moisturizer on the face and body.

Hydration is the basis of healthy skin, especially after a scrub! Choose a treatment suitable for your skin type in shape and texture you prefer: cream, milk, balm ... The important thing is to moisturize the skin daily after cleansing.
For those who do not know, a moisturizer is absolutely not protect the skin from sun damage ... If you expose yourself, choose a sunscreen with a protection factor adapted to your skin and at the level of sunlight.

Drink 1 ½ liter per day.
The creams are primarily to curb water loss from the body, not to bring. It is therefore essential to have a beautiful skin hydrated drinking enough water.

Eat the sun!Drink an orange-kiwi-carrot juice every morning, 1 month before leaving, and especially, do it full of fruits and vegetables!
Hydration and skin beauty also go through what you eat. Also, to help your skin to sublimate, bet on a diet rich in beta carotene and vitamins.
Melons, carrots, green vegetables, sweet potatoes, apricots ... Do you deprive more! These foods have the characteristic of being very rich in beta carotene and will help you better prepare your skin against sun damage through their antioxidant action.
Also opt for Vitamin C which will allow you to protect your immune system against aging of the skin, generated by radiation from the sun. Parsley, currants, strawberries, raspberries and peppers packed in: Consume therefore without moderation! Your skin will be even brighter and radiant!
Boost your skin with solar capsules!
Additionally, you can also make a cure solar capsules one to two months before you leave on vacation. Rich in antioxidants, beta-carotene and essential fatty acids, these supplements will act against the drying of the skin and will help preserve the capital youth of your skin. The most fragile skin will then be protected and the tan of summer will be even more intense and prolonged.
Warning: as the foods mentioned above, solar capsules do not protect against sunburn and do not alleviate UV harm. Also, remember to protect you at the time of exposure by applying sunscreen for your skin type.
What about self-tanners? 

Get used to the arrival of summer, mix your moisturizer (face and / or body) a self-tanner hazelnut.
As for self-tanning, they are a good alternative when you want to appear tanned even though you did not exposed to sunlight. No health hazard, they are available in all forms: creams, mists, sprays ... The trick is to use the start of your holiday when your skin is still unaccustomed to UV rays. Rather than face a long time, start slowly and cheat by applying a self-tanning cream in the evening after the beach. Remember that the first exposure to the sun should be progressive for a sublime and natural tan.
Note: A self-tanning does not protect against all of the sun. Use sunscreen and appropriate.
And UV cabin, friend or foe? 

A ban
Beware of UV like the plague! Indeed, although the UV are transmitters of vitamin D, these are very bad for the skin, especially if you are part of those at risk with a clear, sensitive skin. So do not risk this option without the advice of your dermatologist.

How to protect your skin before, during and after the summer?

In summer, the skin is severely tested: UV rays, sea salt, chlorine from the pool, pollution ... it takes the pampered than ever. How? By taking the right actions before, during and after exposure. Here are a few tips.

How to protect my skin before exposing me?

 
A few days before departure, made a gentle scrub in the shower to prepare your skin for the sun. Coming out, dry off with a towel, patting you rather than rubbing you, this latter technique attacks the skin. Then apply a moisturizer all over the body, feel free to spread you have beautiful skin before the summer.

You can also take supplements that, in addition to preparing your skin, prolong your tan future. The ideal is to start the treatment one month before leaving on vacation, and finish a fortnight after your return.

How to protect my skin during exposure?

 
Choose a sunscreen (or a sun oil) for your phenotype, that is to say as you have very fair skin, light, dark or very dark, but also depending on sunlight conditions. Before purchasing, make sure it protects your skin against both UVA and UVB.

If you have very fair or light skin, we recommend a 40 or 50+ index. If instead your skin is tanned or dark, index 20 or 30 is enough. Under no circumstances do you go for protection from the sun, because they reduce the amount of water naturally present in the body and in the skin. The cream / oil is used to moisturize and bring her water artificially.

Beware the formula "waterproof"! Even if it is water resistant, it does not exempt application every two hours. Indeed, when you wipe, sunscreen goes.

End of stay, if your skin is tanned, it is possible to use oil to enhance your tan.

The hair also needs hydration, if they saw the effect straw! Solar radiation increases the accumulation of toxins at the root and the hair becomes dry and brittle. To avoid these annoyances, think of the hat or special moisturizing spray range, accentuating glare, discipline and nourishes your hair.

How to protect my skin after I exposed?

 
After several hours spent in the sun, the skin is heated. When taking your shower, feel the need to appease the increasingly cool. Ideally, wash with a pH-neutral shower gel. hair side, rinse them first with clean water and clean them every other day with a refreshing gentle shampoo.

Then take the time to apply a cream or gel after-sun. This is a very important step, especially not zap because you will nourish and repair your skin, not to mention that you will help your long-lasting tan. You can also use a simple moisturizer.

You caught a bad sunburn? Unsheathe Biafine that soothe the burn. Put in a good thick layer on the skin and let it absorb. also avoid exposing yourself for a day or two, until the skin repairs itself, protect yourself with clothing covering and stay in the shade.

To not peel and keep your long nice tan, continue to apply after-sun every day out of the shower, during the two weeks of your return.

Medical deserts: the small towns require the intervention of the State

The Association of small towns of France (VFPA) published Tuesday, February 9, a report pointing embrittlement of providing care in small towns. The Association, which represents the common 2 500 25 000 residents, alarmed by the resurgence of "medical deserts" in these territories.

It makes several recommendations for the great meeting "Health Conference ', held at the initiative of Marisol Touraine from Thursday, February 11.

 The difficult renewal of GPs

 
The problem is not new. In a Senate report conducted in 2012 and entitled "Medical Deserts, really act," the intensification of medical deserts, defined as "under-medicalised areas where patients have difficulty accessing care in terms of proximity and adequate time "was already pointed.

More recently, the National Council of the Medical Association (Cnom) listed 192 medical deserts where live nearly 2.5 million people.

But the survey published by the VFPA stresses that the phenomenon was thought mainly affect rural areas, now covers also the small towns on the outskirts of town.

The challenges are manifold. First, aging doctors, who often do not find their young colleagues to take on. "In some living areas, 100% of GPs are over 55 years," says Erwann Calvez, project manager at the VFPA. Seventy percent of surveyed mayors and doctors say their retiring municipality have struggled to find a replacement.

The situation is even more critical for professionals who do not practice extra billing. By sticking to the geographical criterion, the Senate report considered, for instance, that about 9 million people live in a desert for medical gynecology.

The report denounces a "negative spiral" in small towns, also faced with the closure of hospital services in their city or nearby. Emergency services and maternity are the most affected and the phenomenon is likely to increase in a context of recovery of public accounts.

Priority areas recommended health

 
In response, the VFPA request the installation of physicians in the territory is regulated by law or by the agreement governing the relationship of doctors with Medicare, taking into account the living areas.

"Renegotiation of the agreement Medicare in 2016 may give a new framework," hopes Mr. Calvez, citing the example of liberal nurses practicing in areas called "surdotées" and can not therefore , a claim of agreements Medicare in case of cessation of activity of a colleague.

The VFPA also advocates the creation of "priority areas of health," which would benefit from incentives for the installation of doctors and support the financing of certain activities or the establishment of certain structures, such as centers health.

The Association also proposes the establishment of a conventionnement, led by the Regional Health Agency and the territorial health boards, which allow doctors who want to retire can continue to exercise third time. One way to encourage the renewal of practitioners.

A "great health conference" to reconcile the government and doctors

Or reforms of magnitude or decisions that upset. At fourteen months of the next presidential election, the "great health conference" to be held Thursday, February 11 in Paris will not be the big night of the French health system. Faced with private health professionals permanently burned by the adoption in December of the health law and its key measure, the paying agent widespread, Prime Minister Manuel Valls should instead announce consensual measures to meet - cheaply for public finances - to various union demands for training or improvement of working conditions.

Whether improving the social protection of doctors installed in sector 1 (the most general) or a regional variation of the supply restrictions to better reduce the implementation gap doctors, these small " sweets "might prove insufficient to meet the wrath of independent doctors who had been brutally forced to interrupt their protest against the paying agent after the terrorist attacks of 13 November. Although the partial censorship of the device by the Constitutional Council on 21 January has partly responded to their concerns, the discomfort of the profession is profound.

 

 

The boycott of five major unions liberal doctors

Announced in March after the event which brought together between 19 000 and 40 000 health professionals in the streets of the capital, the health conference will bring together over 300 representatives of hospital doctors, student organizations, nurses, paramedical or pharmacists in the premises of the economic social and environmental Council (CESE) in Paris. The five major unions liberal doctors boycott, themselves, and the meeting held in parallel their own "foundation of liberal medicine" after which they will present "a platform of common proposals." As for the minister of health, Marisol Touraine, which has repeatedly stated its "availability" for another post in the government, the reshuffle is expected soon, nobody knows if it will not live Thursday his last hours a position she has held since May 2012.

Read also: "Liberals doctors will not participate in a media farce"

"But if it remains, it will again fourteen months and although it will never be mad love between her and the doctors, trust can come back early," Claude trusts Pigement, the former head health PS. "It is obvious that the government will make concessions to doctors, no one can go for the presidency in these conditions," said one of the sixteen members of the steering committee of the "big conference". The union MG France, majority in general, has also announced Monday that it would send an observer to the conference as a sign of "satisfaction" after getting an early strengthening of university courses in general medicine by recognizing as a "true" discipline within the National Council of universities (CNU) and ensuring more teachers positions. "If we now expect to see Manuel Valls understood the urgency of the situation," says Claude Leicher, president of MG France, who says he was "saturated with promises, coming from the right and the left, which is has not seen the consequences for the general. "

A "recertification" health professional every six years

With less than two weeks before the opening of treaty negotiations with Medicare to upgrade the rate of consultation, other private practitioners provide unions expect nothing of the "big conference". "With three scoops on training, it is a mountain that will give birth to a mouse," predicts John Paul Ortiz, president of the CSMF, majority union among private practitioners, for whom the High Mass "comes too late ". Jean-Paul Hamon, President of FMF, denounces him a "media farce". "After nearly four years of this government, if they had something to announce, they would have already done long ago. "
Several points contained in the White Paper presented on 10 January by the National Order of Physicians after a large consultation with 35 000 doctors in recent months should be announced Thursday by the Prime Minister. Reportedly, Manuel Valls should announce such systematization of the regional modulation of supply restrictions.

A "re-certification" of health professionals every six years from a specification developed by the National Authority for Health (HAS) should also be established. Conducted by the College, the validation of acquired experience would be binding only for newcomers and would remain optional for those already installed. The Prime Minister should also guarantee the establishment of a public offer of training in allied sectors in which only a private training is offered today.

The Competition Authority opened an investigation into the price of hearing aids

Too high equipment costs, under-equipped French. The Competition Authority decided Wednesday 10 February, to study the distribution of hearing aids. This is to understand the reasons leading to such price levels - 1550 euros per ear on average - as deaf are obliged to give to sail.

The antitrust assess the state of competition in the entire industry: an investigation that will go in the concentration of producers - four of them hold 80% of the global market - the very high margins of distributors, through the numerus clausus on students to protect this market. Two steps punctuate this procedure. In the summer, an interim report will give rise to a public consultation. The final opinion will be made in December. It will include proposals for improvement.

The Competition Authority is part of an observation: about 4.4 million people appareillables in France, only 1.5 million have hearing aids, a 32% penetration rate, against 41% in the United United. "Among the reasons cited for this under-equipped, the price of equipment is advanced regularly," she says. 1 550 euros per ear include buying and patient monitoring during the five years that follow. "This amount may hamper the purchase, ...

Medical interns trained in the viewfinder

The phenomenon is still marginal, it is nonetheless disturbing. Eight internal general medicine affected in hospitals in Ile-de-France were excluded from their service for incompetence. And were asked to follow a standard six-month refresher course, as revealed by The doctor's Daily, mid-January. It's a first.

Six of them, three French who studied in Romania and three Romanians who began their studies in their country, had chosen to make their first six-month internship in Villeneuve-Saint-Georges hospital (Val-de- Marl). "They arrived in November, three were affected by respiratory, other three in gastroenterology says Didier Hoeltgen, director of the hospital. Very quickly, the managers and hospital practitioners we have traced their difficulties. "
In a glaring lack of practice was added to Romanian students, an insufficient level of French. "Now I can not afford to have inefficient medical staff. It's also a safety issue. "These students were also common as to occupy the last places - between 8 and 8 688th 876th out of 8881 - the national ranking exams (ECN), the review that allows any medical student who validated a second course of study to do his internship.

"These are European students"

All it took was three weeks for these young interns are exfiltrated and reassigned in internal medicine departments of hospitals of the AP-HP - Lariboisière, Bicetre, Tenon, Georges Pompidou ... "They are redundant for a paid internship but not validating for their internship, "explains Professor Philippe Jaury. These eight students would be only the tip of the iceberg. The coordinator of the graduate specialized study (DES) in general medicine struggles to hide his anger: "In September 2014, we had already identified this problem. We received the ministry of health and ministry of higher education, but they said: "We can not do anything, they are European students!" "

"This is the first time a hospital takes such a decision but it is a phenomenon that is denounced for years and which is likely to worsen," responds his side Jean-Pierre Vinel, former president of the Conference of deans, newly elected president of the University Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier. Indeed, the peculiarity of the French system is to be more welcoming to international students and French who make their medical studies abroad. Some countries require, instead, a language test like Germany or impose a contest to integrate the boarding, like Romania, for example.

The Ministry of Health, the European provisions recalled: any student from a member country of the European Union engaged in medical studies that validated his graduate can enroll in graduate school in another member country of the Union. In August 2011, a decree had forbidden access to ECN for students who have not successfully integrated medical studies after the first year common to health studies (Paces). One way to close the door, in fact, to all students who were pursuing their studies abroad. But the Council of State annulled the decree.

Refresher course

The ECN is specific in that it is not a competition but an exam where each student is classified ... even if he has made white copy. "It will be good but last will be internal and will have a place in a hospital," growls Philippe Jaury. In 2014, 250 candidates of the European Union who have followed their studies outside France spent the ECN. In 2015, they were 350, 50% of Romanians.

This episode also brings to light the flaws of supply restrictions.

"Today it is possible to bypass the Paces by an entry in another European university giving the right to return at the ECN, which in the absence of eliminatory mark, is entitled to exercise the internal responsibility" says Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé, dean of the University Paris-Est-Créteil. One solution would be to establish a pass mark to the ECN.

She favors from medical school deans. But student unions are fiercely opposed. And what note choose? Another would be to submit a review graduation of the 2nd cycle with an oral all students would be required to validate before moving ECN. Finally, the reform of the 3rd cycle, which comes into effect at the 2017 school year, should also provide a foundation year at the beginning of internship to ensure that every student has the skills to pursue their specialization.

Read the forum: "The Numerus clausus in medical studies is inadequate filter"

 
Meanwhile, they will question the eight internal to the height at the end of their refresher course in April? Nothing is less sure. "My house is Romanian. It is full of good will and humility but its level is very low. I sent follow the course of the second year of medical semiotics, "said Jean-Francois Bergmann, head of internal medicine at Lariboisière. At Bicetre Hospital, Professor Cécile Goujard is, too, quite pessimistic. "It is a French student trained in Romania. We resumed coaching like he was in 3rd or 4th year. He has no responsibility. "

A Tenon Hospital, Prof. Gilles Grateau is more confident. "It is very hard working. It returns to the level it should be good and at the end of the course. He was given little responsibility but has adequate training of knowledge perspective. His problem is that it has limited clinical experience than students trained in France and who are facing the sick by the third year. "

Liberals doctors do not participate in a media farce

After the great demonstration of 19 March, which brought together more than 40,000 professionals opposed to the Health Act, the Prime Minister chose a large national health conference, extensive consultation supposed to unite all physicians. Private doctors then emphasize the strangeness of the method is to consult the profession after spending a force widely disputed law. Worse November 13 while doctors began a movement on a scale never equaled over 80% of offices closed and they prepare a health blockade to protest against the law, they choose to cease movement at night to 13 will make available a traumatized country. The government's response was scathing. While the Liberals propose to participate in the consultation in exchange for a suspension of the law, the government chose to push through the law by voting in a period of mourning, omitting the way to greet the sense of responsibility of private doctors who had to stop blocking their health movement.

Manuel Valls makes pass this law shows no signs of appeasement, and now claims to consult the profession on the future of our health system. The unions of liberal doctors refuse to participate in this coarse farce and organize the same day national conference they prepare for 2 months and go there to announce their proposals. The Federation of Physicians of France (FMF), contrary to statements by Marisol Touraine, Minister of Health, has proposed solutions for the system to be reformed. These solutions are far from timid and corporatist but require a courage that is singularly lacking in this government.

Reforms

The reform of the health system must: define the role of each in the city and the hospital; define the patient's course of care; generate margins of economies; change studies to publicize to students during their university studies, liberal medicine. City physicians must have the means to avoid unnecessary hospitalizations and welcome early hospital discharges with the development of ambulatory medicine. The hospital must have the means to welcome all genuine emergencies and ways of hospitalization, but must stop outsourcing and must communicate in real time with the city, only way to ensure genuine coordination of care. The hospital must have the means to ensure hospitalizations but no longer has to outsource.

The two key measures that are likely to radically change mentalities would be the abolition of the home hospitalization and the removal of Samu in large urban areas within 20 minutes of an emergency service worthy of the name. In the aftermath of 13 November 2015, where emergency services have been particularly effective this proposal can detonate; but if we look more closely, the UAS behaved that day like most industrialized and immediately transported the injured to hospital countries thus saving many lives.
Have the courage to change attitudes and stop thinking that virtue and quality are exclusively in the hospital. Let's make the hospital communicates with the city and develop secure messaging and forget the DMP shared medical records that already in 2004 deserved the nickname bad start record before 500 million later to still be stalled. Patients should be able to find a city in response to all unscheduled care that have nothing to do in the hospital and cluttering emergencies costing 3 billion to the community. Their access to the hospital will be in ambulance or mail from a private doctor.

Stop harassment of boxes!

Students should discover during their private medical university courses so that they are not afraid to move, provided that they do not discover a liberal medicine boxes made of harassment and finicky controls but medicine where the practitioner welcomes patients into proper premises, with secretarial and / or nurse. This reform is possible: it requires a massive investment in private practice, a Marshall Plan 5 billion in exchange for 100 000 non-relocatable jobs that would allow private doctors to work in the conditions of their European colleagues.

To release these 5 billion immediately, we must have the ambition to fill the gap and completely reorganize the health system. We must dare to impose on the National Fund of health insurance for salaried workers (CNAMTS) to cease to organize care by eliminating the chronic disease surveillance (SOPHIA). Must be removed, health centers that serve no purpose except to monitor patients repeatedly monitored remove health shops, and other health coaching. The Court of Auditors estimated 2 billion savings can run CNAMTS.

We must dare to require mutual and complementary 4.8 billion do not render annually to the French. We must dare to change the financing of hospital emergencies are that each time the director of the hospital receives € 250, again we could save 3 billion with a regulation of home emergency pathologies that have nothing to do there. We must dare to adjust the prices of drugs coming on the market with ASMR 5 (rendering service improvement lowest); we could easily recover 2 billion.

We must dare to change the generic reimbursement rules on the German model which charges the patient requiring the original price difference with the cheapest generic but instead fully reimburse the patient accepts the cheapest generic. These proposals are on the table of the Minister for over 3 years. This reform is possible, the deficit is not inevitable, the fall of the liberal demography is not irremediable. The will and the political courage lacking.

The Numerus clausus in medical studies is inadequate filter

The French regularly express their attachment to their health system to consider sometimes as the "best in the world." This rather positive report coexists with less favorable indicators. Access to care is a concern of many French and desertification of certain rural or peri-urban areas is a central issue and questioned the ability of the training system to provide people professionals it needs, where it needs . Social inequalities in health do not regress and probably reflect the highly curative and preventive weakly direction our health system.

Training, particularly physicians, is a long-term exercise and requires integrating future developments in any forward thinking. two major changes can be glimpsed: the explosion in the use of data from genome studies for the development of personalized medicine for patients, better informed and anxious to be involved in their care, but remind us of the importance they attach to social skills and empathy of health professionals towards them.
A major challenge for medical schools as recruitment and training of health professionals must adapt to the technological revolution and integrate societal emergence of chronic diseases with a corresponding priority given to the field of prevention. The dominant hospital training does not meet the challenges of primary care that is not consistent with the reality of the traditional family doctor "with her good old bag," as one tool and Viaticum.

Entry to medical school is considered a sometimes insurmountable obstacle by highly motivated and young bachelor graduates with honors. They result mainly of the most disadvantaged sections of our society and face a first year very selective contest, the PACES (First common year health studies) which now leads to four traditional courses (medicine, pharmacy, dentistry and midwifery) with, in the end, and at the end of a repetition for the majority of them, a high percentage of failure and exclusion from health studies.
Ineffective selection
Numerus clausus is inadequate because inefficient and convoluted filter. It is supposed to regulate the number and distribution of physicians in the area and has eliminated excellent students generations. The negative experiences of our citizens feeds a misunderstanding of policy choices in this area. Thus, in the field, so that lack of doctors, it promotes the recruitment of foreign doctors, some imperfectly francophones, whose skills have not been evaluated with selective requirement required for our national students. Moreover, it is possible to bypass the PACES by an entry in another European university and end of the study to pass the examination National Categorizing without eliminatory mark, and exercise the internal responsibility specialty.

The numerus clausus in its current form is no longer appropriate and should be abandoned. It is neither a reliable regulator of medical demography nor an efficient tool of territorial distribution of future physicians and appears to be unfair in light of its circumvention. Only the limitation of the number of students based on maintaining the quality of training and thus foster practical abilities is legitimate. The PACES be less specialized and broaden the base of educational programs by inserting common lessons to other university licensing programs in the logic of a true academic career Licence, Master, Doctorate. This should lead to smoother entry into 2nd year students of various licenses that do not incorporate traditional medicine health sectors, midwifery, pharmacy, dentistry. Selection may therefore be organized in a single academic year at the waning of which students can progress either by joining the traditional sectors, or by entering a university course giving them access to other professions of new health courses leading to new jobs. In the same spirit, we must promote the entry into traditional courses, students from other university courses to ensure a recruitment diversity of social backgrounds and so overall a professional wealth. Such fields must diversify and out of hospital for any form on the practice of general medicine. The training and development of tutors and positioning of multi-professional nursing homes to university qualification are territorial reconquest keys.
The national ranking examination (ECN) should not be single purpose, governing the goal of training the entire second cycle thus stifling the personalization possibilities of the student orientation. Training must ensure the ability to develop a multi-professional team with delegation of tasks. These requirements lead us to propose that domestic students, European, and international validate all the exam graduation Cycle 2 with oral, for the award of a certificate of clinical competence qualifying introduce ECN, thus preventing the students, wherever they come from, no competent, accessing the responsibility of patients.

Are these goals realistic? In fact, the medical faculties of the community and the students have never been closer to a coherent analysis and proposal. The first return of experiments on the diversity of input modes in the medical curriculum demonstrates feasibility. The societal expectation is such that it forces us to a dynamic response. The policy should thus stimulate the establishment of "health components" in universities. The age-old task of medical schools is of course to train doctors but their social vocation leads them to open their field of expertise by offering joint training partnerships with traditional and new health professions. Knowledge and expertise can not be separated from a life skills with what he requires of introduction to social sciences and training in ethical questions prior to any health profession. An opportunity opens, the National Health Conference must seize to give the cap a transverse project respectful of the specifics of the training of future health professionals at the service of citizens and patients.

Commission to end child obesity called to take high-level action against a major health problem

Commission to end child obesity today presented its final report to the Director General of WHO, the culmination of a two year process to fight against the alarming levels of obesity and overweight children worldwide.

This report proposes a range of recommendations for governments to reverse the increasing trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children under 5 years. At least 41 million children in this age group are overweight or obese, the highest increase in the number of children being observed in countries with low and middle income.

"Increased political will is needed to address the global challenge of overweight and obesity in children," said Sir Peter Gluckman, Co-Chair of the Commission. "WHO must work with governments to implement a number of measures to address the environmental causes of obesity and overweight, and to help children to benefit from the legitimate right to start their healthy life. "

The other Co-Chair of the Commission, Dr Sania Nishtar the adds: "Overweight and obesity affect the quality of life of the child, then faced a number of obstacles, with physical, psychological and health. We also know that obesity has an impact on education and, with the likelihood that these children will remain obese into adulthood, this has major implications for the economy as that of health for themselves, for their families and for all of society. "

According to the report, many children grow up today in environments conducive to weight gain and obesity. Caused by globalization and urbanization, exposure to unhealthy environments (obesogenic) increases in the low-, middle- and high and in all socio-economic groups. The marketing of unhealthy food for health and non-alcoholic beverages has been recognized as one of the main factors in the increase in the number of obese or overweight children, especially in developing countries.

The prevalence of overweight among children under 5 increased between 1990 and 2014, from 4.8% to 6.1%, the number of affected children from 31 to 41 million during this period when, in low- and middle-income countries, the number of overweight children has more than doubled, from 7.5 to 15.5 million.

In 2014, almost half (48%) of children overweight or obese by age 5 lived in Asia and a quarter (25%) in Africa. On this continent, the number of children under 5 are overweight has almost doubled since 1990 (from 5.4 million to 10.3 million).

Six recommendations to governments

 
Promote healthy food consumption

 
Implement comprehensive programs promoting, in children and adolescents, the consumption of healthy food and reducing the adverse health foods and non-alcoholic soft drinks (eg through effective taxation on drinks sweet and curbing the marketing of unhealthy food).

Promote physical activity

 
Implement comprehensive programs to promote physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in children and adolescents.

Care before and during pregnancy

 
Integrating and strengthening the guidelines for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) with those existing at present for care before and during pregnancy (to reduce the risk of childhood obesity by avoiding the deficit or excess weight birth, preterm birth and other pregnancy complications).

Diet and physical activity in early childhood

 
Provide guidance and support for a healthy diet, sleep and physical activity in early childhood, promote healthy habits and ensure that children grow properly and take good habits (promoting breastfeeding; limiting consumption of foods high in fat, sugar and salt; and ensuring the availability of healthy foods and the possibility of physical activity in child care facilities in infancy).

Health, nutrition and physical activity among school children

 
Implement comprehensive programs to promote healthy school environments, knowledge of health and nutrition and physical activity for school-age children and adolescents (by setting standards for school meals, eliminating the sale of food and drinks harmful to health and integrating health, nutrition and quality physical education in basic education programs).

Weight Management

 
Provide children and young obese services based on the family, with multiple elements and on the lifestyle to help them manage their weight.

The Commission's conclusions call on the WHO to include, within the institutional framework throughout the organization, a transversal approach, covering the whole of life to end child obesity.

The report also identifies a series of actions by others, asking NGOs to raise awareness of child obesity and advocate for environmental improvements, and the private sector support the production of foods and beverages that contribute to a healthy diet and to improve access.